Formation and Control of Bromate During Ozonation of Waters Containing Bromide

Abstract

The results of this study show that the ozonation of waters containing bromide may produce bromate, with ozone dosage playing a critical role. The appropriate staging of ozone through two or three chambers, however, has the potential to minimize ozone residual and bromate formation while still meeting C × T criteria. The addition of hydrogen peroxide (the PEROXONE process) may increase the formation of bromate. As the pH of ozonation was lowered, the ozone dosage necessary to meet C × T criteria dropped, and less bromate was produced. The authors conclude that a better understanding of the mechanisms of bromate formation is required before it can be fully controlled.