Understanding sidewall constraint involving ventilation effects on temperature distribution of fire-induced thermal flow under a tunnel ceiling

The maximum temperature of buoyancy-driven smoke flow beneath the ceiling in tunnel fires

Ying Zhen Li, Bo Lei, Haukur Ingason · Fire Safety Journal · 2011 · 564 citations

Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering +16

Calculation of response time of ceiling-mounted fire detectors

Ronald L. Alpert · Fire Technology · 1972 · 491 citations

Engineering, Civil Engineering, Nuclear Engineering +14

Fire properties in near field of square fire source with longitudinal ventilation in tunnels

Hitoshi Kurioka, Yasushi Oka, Hiroomi Satoh et al. · Fire Safety Journal · 2003 · 489 citations

Engineering, Civil Engineering, Fire Protection Engineering +16

Experimental investigation on influence of different transverse fire locations on maximum smoke temperature under the tunnel ceiling

J. Ji, C.G. Fan, Wei Zhong et al. · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · 2012 · 358 citations

Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering +14

Studies on buoyancy-driven back-layering flow in tunnel fires

Longhua Hu, R. Huo, W. K. Chow · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · 2008 · 326 citations

Engineering, Civil Engineering, Fire Protection Engineering +13