Conceptual Design of Operation Strategies for Hybrid Electric Aircraft

TLDR

Aviation aims to cut CO₂ emissions amid rising demand, prompting research into cleaner propulsion systems. The study investigates regional hybrid electric aircraft to test hybrid propulsion strategies and introduces a new simulation approach. The authors analyze the battery’s role, develop a simulation model, and conduct sensitivity studies to identify levers that improve HEA profitability. Choosing an appropriate battery power‑to‑energy ratio is critical; storage energy and power densities dictate feasibility, and although cost‑competitive configurations exist, they fall short of the desired CO₂ savings when full system costs are considered.

Abstract

Ambitious targets to reduce emissions caused by aviation in the light of an expected ongoing rise of the air transport demand in the future drive the research of propulsion systems with lower CO2 emissions. Regional hybrid electric aircraft (HEA) powered by conventional gas turbines and battery powered electric motors are investigated to test hybrid propulsion operation strategies. Especially the role of the battery within environmentally friendly concepts with significantly reduced carbon footprint is analyzed. Thus, a new simulation approach for HEA is introduced. The main findings underline the importance of choosing the right power-to-energy-ratio of a battery according to the flight mission. The gravimetric energy and power density of the electric storages determine the technologically feasibility of hybrid concepts. Cost competitive HEA configurations are found, but do not promise the targeted CO2 emission savings, when the well-to-wheel system is regarded with its actual costs. Sensitivity studies are used to determine external levers that favor the profitability of HEA.