Spectroscopic and DFT Characterization of a Highly Reactive Nonheme Fe^V–Oxo Intermediate

Abstract

The reaction of [(PyNMe₃)Fe^II(CF₃SO₃)₂], 1, with excess peracetic acid at -40 °C generates a highly reactive intermediate, 2b(PAA), that has the fastest rate to date for oxidizing cyclohexane by a nonheme iron species. It exhibits an intense 490 nm chromophore associated with an S = 1/2 EPR signal having g-values at 2.07, 2.01, and 1.94. This species was shown to be in a fast equilibrium with a second S = 1/2 species, 2a(PAA), assigned to a low-spin acylperoxoiron(III) center. Unfortunately, contaminants accompanying the 2(PAA) samples prevented determination of the iron oxidation state by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Use of MeO-PyNMe₃ (an electron-enriched version of PyNMe₃) and cyclohexyl peroxycarboxylic acid as oxidant affords intermediate 3b(CPCA) with a Mössbauer isomer shift δ = -0.08 mm/s that indicates an iron(V) oxidation state. Analysis of the Mössbauer and EPR spectra, combined with DFT studies, demonstrates that the electronic ground state of 3b(CPCA) is best described as a quantum mechanical mixture of [(MeO-PyNMe₃)Fe^V(O)(OC(O)R)]²⁺ (∼75%) with some Fe^IV(O)(^•OC(O)R) and Fe^III(OOC(O)R) character. DFT studies of 3b(CPCA) reveal that the unbound oxygen of the carboxylate ligand, O2, is only 2.04 Å away from the oxo group, O1, corresponding to a Wiberg bond order for the O1-O2 bond of 0.35. This unusual geometry facilitates reversible O1-O2 bond formation and cleavage and accounts for the high reactivity of the intermediate when compared to the rates of hydrogen atom transfer and oxygen atom transfer reactions of Fe^III(OC(O)R) ferric acyl peroxides and Fe^IV(O) complexes. The interaction of O2 with O1 leads to a significant downshift of the Fe-O1 Raman frequency (815 cm^-1) relative to the 903 cm^-1 value predicted for the hypothetical [(MeO-PyNMe₃)Fe^V(O)(NCMe)]³⁺ complex.