High resolution visualization of the redox activity of Li₂O₂ in non-aqueous media: conformal layer <i>vs.</i> toroid structure

Abstract

A strong relationship between the surface structure and the redox activity of Li₂O₂ is visualized directly using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, employing a dual-barrel nanopipette containing a unique gel polymer electrolyte. These measurements reveal considerable local heterogeneity with significantly enhanced electrochemical activity at toroidal Li₂O₂ structures when compared to the conformal layer that is usually formed on the cathode of Li-O₂ batteries.