Rational Design of an Amphiphilic Chlorambucil Prodrug Realizing Self-Assembled Micelles for Efficient Anticancer Therapy

Abstract

The application of anticancer drug chlorambucil (CLB) in chemotherapy is severely restricted by its insolubility, lability, and toxic side effects; therefore, it is challenging to realize a highly efficient anticancer therapy of chlorambucil. To solve the above drawbacks encountered by chlorambucil, herein we proposed an amphiphilic chlorambucil prodrug-based self-assembled micelle strategy to realize the highly efficient anticancer therapy of chlorambucil. 1,6-Hexanediamine hydrochloride (HDH) serving as the hydrophilic segment was covalently bound to hydrophobic CLB to prepare an amphiphilic prodrug CLB-HDH which could self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. These micelles can passively target tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, leading to enhanced cellular internalization. Both the cytotoxicity assay in vitro and anticancer study in vivo confirmed the excellent therapeutic activity of CLB-HDH micelles in comparison with free chlorambucil. Moreover, the hemolysis examination and histological analysis demonstrated the designed CLB-HDH micelles are safe in drug delivery. Therefore, our designed amphiphilic prodrug CLB-HDH micelles bring new opportunity for chlorambucil clinical application to combat cancers.