Attenuation of waves from boat wakes in mixed mangrove forest of rhizophora and bruguiera species in matang perak

Abstract

In Malaysia, there are several small rivers and estuaries which are frequented by fishing boats. The wave action due to the movement of boats impact the coastal morphology of the area. In this paper, we have studied the wave reduction in mixed mangrove forest of Rhizosphere and Bruguiera species based on field observations of waves from boat wakes in Sg. Sangga Kecil of Matang forest reserve, west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The unique physical characteristics of Bruguiera sp. and Rhizophora sp. such as the intricate knee root and numerous pneumatophores, respectively, impact the wave amplitudes in the mangrove forest. The reduction of wave amplitudes in a 15 m long transect of mixed mangrove forest at a given study site has been analysed in the present study. It is found that the wave reduction for each 5-m distance from the vegetation edge ranged from 47.4% to 9.6%. However, on a cumulative basis the wave reduction inside the mixed mangrove forest ranged between 47.4% to 72.8%, with an average of 63%. As far as the vertical trend is concerned the wave reduction in (0-10cm) level was 88.7% while in (10-20cm) level it was found to be 61.2%.