Development of Isostructural Porphyrin–Salen Chiral Metal–Organic Frameworks through Postsynthetic Metalation Based on Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Transformation

Abstract

The development of well-defined multimetallic porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) will add a new dimension to the application of MOF catalysis. From this perspective, the understanding and tailoring of the catalytic metal sites in MOFs are key fundamental challenges that could reveal the intrinsic potential of these materials. In this work, a series of porphyrin–salen chiral MOFs (ps-CMOFs 2–7 ) have been synthesized through postsynthetic metalation (PSMet) of the parent ps-CMOF via single-crystal to single-crystal transformation. Crystal structures of these ps-CMOF analogues revealed the same topological structure but varied metal entities compared to those of the parent framework. Note that the PSMet process involves three methods involving cation exchange at the nodes, cation exchange at the metalated porphyrin, and cation addition at the free porphyrin, which has been systematically investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical methods. The N 2 adsorption tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction of 2–7 showed curves or patterns similar to those of 1, indicating the maintenance of the crystallinity, porosity, and thermal stability of the framework during the PSMet process. In addition, 2–7 showed distinctly improved adsorption capacities and isosteric heats of adsorption ( Q st ) for CO 2 compared to those of their parent counterpart. Lastly, as a representative example of the ps-CMOF catalytic platform, 5 proved to be an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the asymmetric addition reaction of CO 2 with epoxides under mild conditions. Furthermore, because of the constrained chiral environment within ps-CMOF, the enantioselectivity of this reaction appears to be dependent on substrate size.