Isolation and Identification of Compounds from Bioactive Extracts of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> Weber ex F. H. Wigg. (Dandelion) as a Potential Source of Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

Currently, the most effective treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections in women is antibiotics. However, the limitation for this treatment is the duration and dosage of antibiotics and the resistance that bacteria develop after a long period of administration. With the aim of identifying mainly novel natural agents with antibacterial activity, the present study was undertaken to investigate the biological and phytochemical properties of extracts from the leaves <i>Taraxacum officinale.</i> The structural identification of compounds present in hexane (Hex) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) extracts was performed by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectroscopic techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with the major compounds corresponding to different sesquiterpene lactones (<i>α</i>-santonin, glabellin, arborescin, and estafiatin), monoterpene (9,10-dimethyltricycle [4.2.1.1 (2,5)]decane-9,10-diol), phytosterol (Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3<i>β</i>-ol acetate), terpenes (lupeol acetate, pregn-5-en-20-one-3<i>β</i>-acetyloxy-17-hydroxy, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde), and coumarin (benzofuranone 5,6,7,7-a-tetraaldehyde-4,4,7a-trimethyl). The results obtained show that the Hex extract was highly active against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showing a MIC of 200 <i>μ</i>g/mL and moderately active against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> with MIC values of 400 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 800 <i>μ</i>g/mL for the other Gram-negative strains tested with <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> as uropathogens <i>in vitro</i>. Therefore, the effective dandelion extracts could be used in the development of future products with industrial application.