From expressing solidarity to mocking on Twitter: Pragmatic functions of hashtags starting with #<i>jesuis</i>across languages

Abstract

Abstract In this article, we show how the hashtag #jesuisCharlie , created following the attack on Charlie Hebdo , gave rise to the use of many other hashtags starting with #jesuis , across languages. Through a corpus-based analysis, we show how the meaning of #jesuis broadened from expressing condolence and support following terrorist attacks over expressing condolence for other (violent) deaths to a more general marker of solidarity and alignment. This broadening of meaning is parallel to a formal evolution of the stem jesuis . Moreover, these hashtags have become emblematic of a particular kind of Twitter user. Furthermore, disaligning uses developed, including mocking uses, which disalign both with certain causes (disalignment de re ) and with the process of using jesuis as a means of expressing solidarity (disalignment de dicto ). Thus, this variety of uses shows that Twitter users exploit the interpersonal possibilities of hashtags to express alignment and disalignment, creating ambient affiliation. (Hashtag, #jesuisCharlie , solidarity, alignment, emblem, mocking, pragmatic functions)*