Nuisance Canada goose problems in the eastern United States

Abstract

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have increased in numbers in North America during the past 50 years. This expansion has resulted in goose-inflicted damage to many grain and green forage crops in rural areas (Horn 1949, Bossenmaier and Marshall 1958, Hunt and Bell 1973, Sugden 1976, Clark and Jarvis 1978, Hunt 1984). Recently, an increasing number of complaints has come from suburban and urban areas where geese forage on lawns located in parks, beaches, golf courses, country clubs, and backyards (Hawkins 1970, Laycock 1982). Even low numbers of geese can damage the grass and litter areas with their defecations. High densities of feces reduce the esthetic value and recreational use of these areas (Fig. 1) and are often perceived as health hazards. Droppings from large flocks of geese can also contribute to the over-fertilization of small lakes and reservoirs. This study addresses the history, extent, and severity of nuisance goose problems through surveys of water companies in Connecticut and golf courses throughout the eastern United States.