Impact of aristolochic acid exposure on oncologic outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy

Abstract

AA exposure was associated with worse cancer-specific survival, higher rate of IVR and contralateral UTUC recurrence of UTUC treated with RNU. The association between AA exposure and IVR seems to be time-dependent. Exposure cessation >5 years prior to RNU cannot mitigate the impact of AA on the UTUC prognosis.