Oxidative desulfurization using graphene and its composites for fuel containing thiophene and its derivatives: An update review

Abstract

Oxidative desulfurization, in which the aromatic sulfur containing compounds are oxidized to their analogical sulfones and subsequently extracted, has assured to be one of the exceedingly effective desulfurization processes for resulting ultra-low sulfur import fuels. The oxidative desulfurization process using graphene oxide has attracted significant interest for sulfur removal from fuels. In this survey, we discussed systematically the techniques of desulfurizations in catalytic oxidation, including the role of graphene as a supported catalyst, the research results of oxidative desulfurization using graphene oxide and provided the factors affecting the desulfurization process. We also debate the challenges counterattack the use of graphene oxide in this view, including their preparation methods and their efficiency and stability as a supported catalyst. Also, there are some of the desulfurization processes currently under investigation such as oxidation, biodesulfurization, and adsorption was outlined in brief. The combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds emits some of the sulfur oxides which considered a harmful influence on human health and the surrounding environment as well as the economy. It can be concluded that GO remains a kind of ideal supported catalysts to recognize a pure fuel in the near futurity due to their eligible physicochemical characteristics.