Automated early yield prediction in vineyards from on-the-go image acquisition

Abstract

• The system analyses images taken in the vineyard and on the go at 7 km/h. • The system performs on images taken at pre-veraison. • The image classifier is simpler than other previously presented. • Early yield predictions with an average RMSE of 0.17 kg per vine were obtained. Early grapevine yield assessment provides information to viticulturists to help taking management decisions to achieve the desired grape quality and yield amount. In previous works, image analysis has been explored to this effect, but with systems performing either manually, on a single variety or close to harvest-time, when there are few rectifiable agronomic aspects. This study presents a solution based on image analysis for the non-invasive and in-field yield prediction in vines of several varieties, at phenological stages previous to veraison , around 100 days from harvest. To this end, an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) was modified with equipment to autonomously capture images of 30 vine segments of five different varieties at night-time. The images were analysed with a new image analysis algorithm based on mathematical morphology and pixel classification, which yielded overall average Recall and Precision values of 0.8764 and 0.9582, respectively. Finally, a model was calibrated to produce yield predictions from the number of detected berries in images with a Root-Mean-Square-Error per vine of 0.16 kg. This accuracy makes the proposed methodology ideal for early yield prediction as a very helpful tool for the grape and wine industry.