Effects of Nutrient Antagonism and Synergism on Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

TLDR

Interaction among plant nutrients can yield antagonistic or synergistic outcomes that influence nutrient use efficiency. The study aims to provide insight into nutrient antagonism and synergism by reviewing peer‑reviewed articles that quantify interaction effects on crop yield. The authors selected 94 peer‑reviewed studies that quantified 117 nutrient interactions affecting crop yield. The review of 94 studies covering 117 nutrient interactions found 43 synergistic, 17 antagonistic, 35 neutral, and 23 non‑significant or negative effects, with most macronutrient interactions synergistic, antagonistic effects common for divalent cations, and alleviating dual deficiencies often boosting yield, underscoring the value of understanding interactions for optimizing fertilizer use.

Abstract

Interaction among plant nutrients can yield antagonistic or synergistic outcomes that influence nutrient use efficiency. To provide insight on this phenomenon, peer-reviewed articles were selected that quantified the interaction effects of nutrients on crop yield levels. In total 94 articles were selected that described 117 interactions between all macro- and micronutrients for different agricultural crops. In 43 cases the interaction was synergistic, in 17 cases the interaction was antagonistic, and in 35 cases the interaction was zero-interaction; the other 23 cases were non-significant (16) or showed a negative response (7). Generally: (a) when the availability of two nutrients is characterized as deficient, a large increase in yield can be expected by diminishing these deficiencies: (b) for most macronutrients the mutual interactions on yield levels are synergistic; and (c) antagonistic effects on yield are often found for divalent cations. Knowledge of nutrient interactions can guide fertilizer design and optimization of fertilization strategies for high yields and high nutrient use efficiencies.