Frailty prevalence and factors associated with the Frailty Phenotype and Frailty Index: Findings from the North West Adelaide Health Study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of frailty and associated factors in the North West Adelaide Health Study (2004-2006) using the Frailty Phenotype (FP) and Frailty Index (FI). METHODS: Frailty was measured in 909 community-dwelling participants aged ≥65 years using the FP and FI. RESULTS: The FP classified 18% of participants as frail and the FI 48%. The measures were strongly correlated (r = 0.76, P < 0.001) and had a kappa agreement of 0.38 for frailty classification, with 37% of participants classified as non-frail by the FP being classified as frail by the FI. Being older, a current smoker, and having multimorbidity and polypharmacy were associated with higher frailty levels by both tools. Female, low income, obesity and living alone were associated with the FI. CONCLUSION: Frailty prevalence was higher when assessed using the FI. Socioeconomic factors and other health determinants contribute to higher frailty levels.