Redox-Responsive Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced MR Imaging and Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer

Abstract

In this study, we synthesized manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO₂ NPs) stabilized with biocompatible polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylic acid) and analyzed their effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with or without gefitinib resistance <i>in vitro</i>. MnO₂ NPs showed glutathione (GSH)-responsive dissolution and subsequent enhancement in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Of note, treatment with MnO₂ NPs induced significant cytotoxic effects on NSCLC cells, and additional dose-dependent therapeutic effects were obtained upon X-ray irradiation. Normal cells treated with MnO₂ NPs were viable at the tested concentrations. In addition, increased therapeutic efficacy could be achieved when the cells were treated with MnO₂ NPs in hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we conclude that the use of MnO₂ NPs in MR imaging and combination radiotherapy may be an efficient strategy for the imaging and therapy of NSCLC.