Relationship of Echocardiographic <i>Z</i> Scores Adjusted for Body Surface Area to Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity

Abstract

Echocardiographic <i>Z</i> scores based on BSA were derived from a large, diverse, and healthy North American population. Age, sex, race, and ethnicity have small effects on the <i>Z</i> scores that are statistically significant but not clinically important.