Smoking may increase the risk of influenza hospitalization and reduce influenza vaccine effectiveness in the elderly

Abstract

A history of smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization in smokers and ex-smokers. Preventing smoking could reduce hospitalizations due to influenza. Smokers and ex-smokers should be informed of the risk of hospitalization due to influenza infection, and encouraged to stop smoking. Smokers should be considered an at-risk group to be aggressively targeted for routine influenza vaccination.