An Algorithm for an Accurate Detection of Anomalies in Hyperspectral Images With a Low Computational Complexity

Abstract

Anomaly detection (AD) is an important technique in hyperspectral data analysis that permits to distinguish rare objects with unknown spectral signatures that are particularly not abundant in a scene. In this paper, a novel algorithm for an accurate detection of anomalies in hyperspectral images with a low computational complexity, named ADALOC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , is proposed. It is based on two main processing stages. First, a set of characteristic pixels that best represent both anomaly and background classes are extracted applying orthogonal projection techniques. Second, the abundance maps associated to these pixels are estimated. Under the assumption that the anomaly class is composed of a scarce group of image pixels, rare targets can be identified from abundance maps characterized by a representation coefficient matrix with a large amount of almost zero elements. Unlike the other algorithms of the state of the art, the ADALOC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> algorithm has been specially designed for being efficiently implemented into parallel hardware devices for applications under real-time constraints. To achieve this, the ADALOC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> algorithm uses simple and highly parallelized operations, avoiding to perform complex matrix operations such as the computation of an inverse matrix or the extraction of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. An extensive set of simulations using the most representative state-of-the-art AD algorithms and both real and synthetic hyperspectral data sets have been conducted. Moreover, extra assessment metrics apart from classical receiver operating characteristic curves have been defined in order to make deeper comparisons. The obtained results clearly support the benefits of our proposal, both in terms of the accuracy of the detection results and the processing power demanded.