Early changes of blood lipid levels during psychotropic drug treatment as predictors of long-term lipid changes and of new onset dyslipidemia

Abstract

•Lipid parameters significantly worsened during psychotropic treatment.•Early changes of lipid levels could predict a long-term lipid deterioration.•Early changes of lipid levels were good predictors of new onset dyslipidemia. BackgroundCardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia represent a major health issue in psychiatry. Many psychotropic drugs can induce a rapid and substantial increase of blood lipid levels.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the potential predictive power of an early change of blood lipid levels during psychotropic treatment on long-term change and on dyslipidemia development.MethodsData were obtained from a prospective study including 181 psychiatric patients with metabolic parameters monitored during the first year of treatment and with adherence ascertained. Blood lipid levels (ie, total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C], and fasting triglycerides [TGs]) were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, and/or 12 months of treatment.ResultsReceiver-operating characteristic analyses indicated that early (ie, after 1 month of psychotropic treatment) increases (≥5%) for TC, LDL-C, TG, and non-HDL-C and decrease (≥5%) for HDL-C were the best predictors for clinically relevant modifications of blood lipid levels after 3 months of treatment (≥30% TC, ≥40% LDL-C, ≥45% TG, ≥55% non-HDL-C increase, and ≥20% HDL-C decrease; sensitivity 70%–100%, specificity 53%–72%). Predictive powers of these models were confirmed by fitting longitudinal multivariate models in the same cohort (P ≤ .03) as well as in a replication cohort (n = 79; P ≤ .003). Survival models showed significantly higher incidences of new onset dyslipidemia (TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C hypercholesterolemia, HDL-C hypocholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia) for patients with early changes of blood lipid levels compared to others (P ≤ .01).ConclusionEarly modifications of blood lipid levels following prescription of psychotropic drugs inducing dyslipidemia should therefore raise questions on clinical strategies to control long-term dyslipidemia. Cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia represent a major health issue in psychiatry. Many psychotropic drugs can induce a rapid and substantial increase of blood lipid levels. This study aimed to determine the potential predictive power of an early change of blood lipid levels during psychotropic treatment on long-term change and on dyslipidemia development. Data were obtained from a prospective study including 181 psychiatric patients with metabolic parameters monitored during the first year of treatment and with adherence ascertained. Blood lipid levels (ie, total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C], and fasting triglycerides [TGs]) were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, and/or 12 months of treatment. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses indicated that early (ie, after 1 month of psychotropic treatment) increases (≥5%) for TC, LDL-C, TG, and non-HDL-C and decrease (≥5%) for HDL-C were the best predictors for clinically relevant modifications of blood lipid levels after 3 months of treatment (≥30% TC, ≥40% LDL-C, ≥45% TG, ≥55% non-HDL-C increase, and ≥20% HDL-C decrease; sensitivity 70%–100%, specificity 53%–72%). Predictive powers of these models were confirmed by fitting longitudinal multivariate models in the same cohort (P ≤ .03) as well as in a replication cohort (n = 79; P ≤ .003). Survival models showed significantly higher incidences of new onset dyslipidemia (TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C hypercholesterolemia, HDL-C hypocholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia) for patients with early changes of blood lipid levels compared to others (P ≤ .01). Early modifications of blood lipid levels following prescription of psychotropic drugs inducing dyslipidemia should therefore raise questions on clinical strategies to control long-term dyslipidemia.