Hybrid Half-Duplex/Full-Duplex Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access With Transmit Power Adaptation

TLDR

Power allocation is crucial for optimizing NOMA performance, yet the power allocation problem in cooperative NOMA systems remains underexplored. The study investigates power allocation for HD‑CNOMA and FD‑CNOMA systems and proposes a hybrid scheme that dynamically switches between the two modes. The authors formulate a fairness‑based optimization to maximize the minimum user rate, solve it via a two‑step method that first fixes relay power to obtain a quasi‑concave problem and then reduces the original problem to a univariate relay‑power problem, and extend the approach with a relay‑selection scheme for general networks. Closed‑form optimal solutions are derived for both HD‑CNOMA and FD‑CNOMA despite non‑concavity, and simulations show the hybrid relaying scheme yields substantial performance gains over conventional NOMA, HD‑CNOMA, and FD‑CNOMA.

Abstract

Power allocation is an important issue in order to optimize the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. However, the power allocation problem for cooperative NOMA systems has not been well investigated. In this paper, we investigate the power allocation problems for half-duplex cooperative NOMA (HD-CNOMA) and full-duplex cooperative NOMA (FD-CNOMA) systems, respectively. From the fairness standpoint, the optimization problem for each system is formulated to maximize the minimum achievable user rate in a NOMA user pair. Even though both of the formulated problems are neither concave nor quasi-concave, the optimal closed-form solutions of both cases are still obtained with the proposed two-step method. First, we transform the initial problem into a quasi-concave problem by treating the relay transmit power, namely R, as a constant, and then solve the obtained quasiconcave problem. Second, we convert the original problem into a univariate problem of R based on the results of the first step, and eventually obtain the optimal power allocation. In addition, a hybrid half/full-duplex cooperative NOMA scheme, which dynamically switches between the HD-CNOMA and FD-CNOMA mode, is proposed. After that, a relay selection scheme is also investigated to extend the hybrid scheme into general networks with multiple users. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid relaying scheme can achieve a significant performance improvement with respect to the conventional NOMA, HD-CNOMA, and FD-CNOMA scheme.