Childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for stress sensitisation in the World Mental Health Surveys

Abstract

<b>Background</b>Although childhood adversities are known to predict increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic experiences, it is unclear whether this association varies by childhood adversity or traumatic experience types or by age.<b>Aims</b>To examine variation in associations of childhood adversities with PTSD according to childhood adversity types, traumatic experience types and life-course stage.<b>Method</b>Epidemiological data were analysed from the World Mental Health Surveys (<i>n</i> = 27 017).<b>Results</b>Four childhood adversities (physical and sexual abuse, neglect, parent psychopathology) were associated with similarly increased odds of PTSD following traumatic experiences (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8), whereas the other eight childhood adversities assessed did not predict PTSD. Childhood adversity-PTSD associations did not vary across traumatic experience types, but were stronger in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood than later adulthood.<b>Conclusions</b>Childhood adversities are differentially associated with PTSD, with the strongest associations in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood. Consistency of associations across traumatic experience types suggests that childhood adversities are associated with generalised vulnerability to PTSD following traumatic experiences.