Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality

TLDR

Air quality concerns pollutants in both gas and aerosol phases, with aerosols strongly interacting with meteorological variables in the planetary boundary layer, influencing solar radiation, heat fluxes, and atmospheric stability, thereby creating feedbacks that affect pollution levels. The study reviews advances in aerosol measurements and boundary‑layer processes, examines their interactions, and identifies priorities for future research. The authors synthesize recent progress in aerosol measurement techniques and boundary‑layer process understanding, integrating complex feedback mechanisms.

Abstract

Abstract Air quality is concerned with pollutants in both the gas phase and solid or liquid phases. The latter are referred to as aerosols, which are multifaceted agents affecting air quality, weather and climate through many mechanisms. Unlike gas pollutants, aerosols interact strongly with meteorological variables with the strongest interactions taking place in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The PBL hosting the bulk of aerosols in the lower atmosphere is affected by aerosol radiative effects. Both aerosol scattering and absorption reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground and thus reduce the sensible heat fluxes that drive the diurnal evolution of the PBL. Moreover, aerosols can increase atmospheric stability by inducing a temperature inversion as a result of both scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which suppresses dispersion of pollutants and leads to further increases in aerosol concentration in the lower PBL. Such positive feedback is especially strong during severe pollution events. Knowledge of the PBL is thus crucial for understanding the interactions between air pollution and meteorology. A key question is how the diurnal evolution of the PBL interacts with aerosols, especially in vertical directions, and affects air quality. We review the major advances in aerosol measurements, PBL processes and their interactions with each other through complex feedback mechanisms, and highlight the priorities for future studies.