Chemical constituents from <i>Alisma plantago</i>-<i>aquatica</i> subsp<i>. orientale</i> (Sam.) Sam and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities

Abstract

The chemical constituent investigation of <i>Alisma plantago</i>-<i>aquatica</i> subsp<i>. orientale</i> has led to isolation and identification of thirteen compounds, including one new sesquiterpene, (10<i>S</i>)-11-hydroxy-<i>β</i>-cyperone (<b>1</b>), three sesquiterpenes (<b>2</b>-<b>4</b>), five phenylpropanoids (<b>5</b>-<b>9</b>), and four alkaloids (<b>10</b>-<b>13</b>). We report herein, for the first time, the presence of compounds <b>2</b>-<b>13</b> in the genus <i>Alisma</i>. Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. All the isolated compounds were assayed for their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and antioxidant activities by DPPH scavenging assay. Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>13</b> displayed significant inhibitory effects against NO production at a certain concentration, while compound <b>5</b> showed antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 55.28 μM. The interactions of compounds <b>1</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>11</b> with iNOS were investigated using molecular docking.