STAT1 modulates tissue wasting or overgrowth downstream from PDGFRβ

Abstract

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) acts through two conserved receptor tyrosine kinases: PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. Gain-of-function mutations in human <i>PDGFRB</i> have been linked recently to genetic diseases characterized by connective tissue wasting (Penttinen syndrome) or overgrowth (Kosaki overgrowth syndrome), but it is unclear whether <i>PDGFRB</i> mutations alone are responsible. Mice with constitutive PDGFRβ signaling caused by a kinase domain mutation (D849V) develop lethal autoinflammation. Here we used a genetic approach to investigate the mechanism of autoinflammation in <i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} mice and test the hypothesis that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mediates this phenotype. We show that <i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} mice with <i>Stat1</i> knockout (<i>Stat1</i>^-/-<i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} ) are rescued from autoinflammation and have improved life span compared with <i>Stat1</i>^+/-<i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} mice. Furthermore, PDGFRβ-STAT1 signaling suppresses PDGFRβ itself. Thus, <i>Stat1</i>^-/-<i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} fibroblasts exhibit increased PDGFRβ signaling, and mice develop progressive overgrowth, a distinct phenotype from the wasting seen in <i>Stat1</i>^+/-<i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} mice. Deletion of interferon receptors (<i>Ifnar1</i> or <i>Ifngr1</i>) does not rescue wasting in <i>Pdgfrb</i>^{+/<i>D849V</i>} mice, indicating that interferons are not required for autoinflammation. These results provide functional evidence that elevated PDGFRβ signaling causes tissue wasting or overgrowth reminiscent of human genetic syndromes and that the STAT1 pathway is a crucial modulator of this phenotypic spectrum.