Human Gut Symbiont Roseburia hominis Promotes and Regulates Innate Immunity

Abstract

Mono-association of mice with <i>R. hominis</i> bacteria results in specific bidirectional gene expression patterns. A set of genes thought to be important for host colonization are induced in <i>R. hominis</i>, while the host cells respond by strengthening gut barrier function and enhancing Treg population expansion, possibly <i>via</i> TLR5-flagellin signaling. Our data reveal the immunomodulatory properties of <i>R. hominis</i> that could be useful for the control and treatment of gut inflammation.