Identification of autism spectrum disorder using deep learning and the ABIDE dataset

TLDR

Autism spectrum disorder is a brain‑based condition marked by social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and affects about one in 68 U.S. children. The study aims to use deep learning on ABIDE functional brain imaging data to objectively identify ASD patients and uncover the neural connectivity patterns that differentiate them from controls. Deep learning models were trained on functional connectivity data from the multi‑site ABIDE database to classify ASD versus controls.

Abstract

The goal of the present study was to apply deep learning algorithms to identify autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients from large brain imaging dataset, based solely on the patients brain activation patterns. We investigated ASD patients brain imaging data from a world-wide multi-site database known as ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange). ASD is a brain-based disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive behaviors. According to recent Centers for Disease Control data, ASD affects one in 68 children in the United States. We investigated patterns of functional connectivity that objectively identify ASD participants from functional brain imaging data, and attempted to unveil the neural patterns that emerged from the classification. The results improved the state-of-the-art by achieving 70% accuracy in identification of ASD versus control patients in the dataset. The patterns that emerged from the classification show an anticorrelation of brain function between anterior and posterior areas of the brain; the anticorrelation corroborates current empirical evidence of anterior-posterior disruption in brain connectivity in ASD. We present the results and identify the areas of the brain that contributed most to differentiating ASD from typically developing controls as per our deep learning model.