Assessment of air pollution by toxic elements on petrol stations using moss and lichen bag technique

Abstract

The rapid progress of modern society has significantly increased the level of urbanization followed by transport sector development. An increasing number of vehicles has recently directed research on air pollution originating from traffic rather than from industry (Salo and Mkinen 2014). A lot of authors studied roadside environment to demonstrate that the traffic contributes significantly to heavy metal pollution It has been reported repeatedly that heavy metal concentrations in soils, waters and air have increased with increasing traffic