Elevated Levels of Estradiol in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Pregnant Women on Protease Inhibitor–Based Regimens

Abstract

Our data suggest that PI-cART exposure in pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of estradiol, likely driven by higher fetal DHEAS production. Cord estradiol levels were inversely correlated with birth weight centile in infants born to PI-cART-exposed women, suggesting that fetal exposure to high estradiol levels may be contributing to cART-associated fetal growth restriction.