Phototropin perceives temperature based on the lifetime of its photoactivated state

Abstract

Living organisms detect changes in temperature using thermosensory molecules. However, these molecules and/or their mechanisms for sensing temperature differ among organisms. To identify thermosensory molecules in plants, we investigated chloroplast positioning in response to temperature changes and identified a blue-light photoreceptor, phototropin, that is an essential regulator of chloroplast positioning. Based on the biochemical properties of phototropin during the cellular response to light and temperature changes, we found that phototropin perceives temperature based on the temperature-dependent lifetime of the photoactivated chromophore. Our findings indicate that phototropin perceives both blue light and temperature and uses this information to arrange the chloroplasts for optimal photosynthesis. Because the photoactivated chromophore of many photoreceptors has a temperature-dependent lifetime, a similar temperature-sensing mechanism likely exists in other organisms. Thus, photoreceptors may have the potential to function as thermoreceptors.