Influence of Friction Stir Welding on Mechanical Properties of Butt Joints of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

Abstract

In this study, the effect of heat input on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of AZ61 magnesium alloy joints has been studied. Magnesium alloy AZ61 plates with thickness of 5 mm were welded at different ratios of tool rotational speed to welding speed (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>ω</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:math>). The average ultimate tensile strength of all weld conditions satisfying a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>ω</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:math> ratio of 3 reached 100% of the strength of the base material. Fractures occurred at the interface between the thermomechanical affected zone at advancing side and the stir zone in all welded specimens. From the scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction analysis, it was determined that the interface between the thermomechanical affected zone and the stir zone, which is the region where the grain orientation changes, was the weakest part; the advancing side region was relatively weaker than the retreating side region because the grain orientation change occurred more dramatically in the advancing side region.