The colonisation of the glenohumeral joint by <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> is not associated with frozen shoulder but is more likely to occur after an injection into the joint

Abstract

These results show a statistically significant association between subcutaneous skin <i>P. acnes</i> culture and <i>P. acnes</i> capsular culture, especially when the patient has undergone a previous injection. The results refute the hypothesis that <i>P. acnes</i> causes frozen shoulder. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2017;99-B:1067-72.