Interaction between Heavy Metals and Aerobic Granular Sludge

Abstract

Metals play important roles in the life processes of microbes. Some metals, such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co are of vital importance for many microbial activities when occur at low concentrations. These metals are often involved in the metabolism and redox processes as parts of enzyme cofactors or participators in the electron transfer in microbial respiration