Entropy production of active particles and for particles in active baths

Abstract

Entropy production of an active particle in an external potential is\nidentified through a thermodynamically consistent minimal lattice model that\nincludes the chemical reaction providing the propulsion and ordinary\ntranslational noise. In the continuum limit, a unique expression follows,\ncomprising a direct contribution from the active process and an indirect\ncontribution from ordinary diffusive motion. From the corresponding Langevin\nequation, this physical entropy production cannot be inferred through the\nconventional, yet here ambiguous, comparison of forward and time-reversed\ntrajectories. Generalizations to several interacting active particles and\npassive particles in a bath of active ones are presented explicitly, further\nones are briefly indicated.\n