Selected Mutations Revealed Intermediates and Key Precursors in the Biosynthesis of Polyketide–Terpenoid Hybrid Sesquiterpenyl Epoxy-cyclohexenoids

Abstract

Sesquiterpenyl epoxy-cyclohexenoids (SECs) show impressive biological activities. However, the key pathways for SECs still remain unambiguous. Unexpectedly, 11 new SECs and derivatives with diverse oxidation patterns were isolated after the deletion of gene 274. A high accumulation of toluquinol and its new glycosides in mutant Δ276 and further isolation of the most crucial precursors farnesyl hydroquinone, farnesyl quinone, and three new derivatives from mutant Δ278 confirm that farnesylation at toluquinol is the key step for SECs.