Pump-Enhanced Continuous-Wave Magnetometry Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles

Abstract

In this study, nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond are employed in a versatile and promising magnetometer, which is useful for sensing fields that are difficult to detect with alternatives. The authors place an untreated, off-the-shelf diamond in a resonant optical cavity with a split-ring microwave resonator to achieve a remarkable magnetic-field sensitivity of approximately 200 pT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, with room for improvement. These results emphasize enhancing performance through uniformity of spin polarization, rather than focusing solely on optimizing material properties of the diamond sample.