The detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from patients’ breath using canine scent detection: a proof-of-concept study

Abstract

This is the first study to look at the possibility of detecting HCC from breath using canine olfaction. Our results show that this is possible with an accuracy of 78% (p < 0.001 when compared to chance alone), and are thus a proof of concept. Further refinement of the process of detection will be needed before clinical application.