Improved Sodium-Ion Storage Performance of Ultrasmall Iron Selenide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries are potential low-cost alternatives to current lithium-ion technology, yet their performances still fall short of expectation due to the lack of suitable electrode materials with large capacity, long-term cycling stability, and high-rate performance. In this work, we demonstrated that ultrasmall (∼5 nm) iron selenide (FeSe 2 ) nanoparticles exhibited a remarkable activity for sodium-ion storage. They were prepared from a high-temperature solution method with a narrow size distribution and high yield and could be readily redispersed in nonpolar organic solvents. In ether-based electrolyte, FeSe 2 nanoparticles exhibited a large specific capacity of ∼500 mAh/g (close to the theoretical limit), high rate capability with ∼250 mAh/g retained at 10 A/g, and excellent cycling stability at both low and high current rates by virtue of their advantageous nanosizing effect. Full sodium-ion batteries were also constructed from coupling FeSe 2 with NASICON-type Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode and demonstrated impressive capacity and cycle ability.