Crime & Delinquency · 2017 · 19 citations · 37 references
Social SciencesCriminal LawCriminologyCrimeHomicideVictimologyBiasCrime Pattern AnalysisCriminal JusticeHomicide PatternsHomicide PreventionVictimization PatternsCriminal HomicideHomicide Rate AnalysisHomicide Victim Case CharacteristicsLaw Enforcement AccountabilityVictim DynamicsVictim-offender DynamicsVictim-offender Spatial RelationshipsWeapon Use In Assassination
Little is known about how situations of bias homicide might vary dependent upon who is targeted. Drawing from doing difference theory, we comparatively examine several event-level variables for bias homicide involving three different target groups. Data on bias homicide occurring in the United States come from the U.S. Extremist Crime Database (ECDB). Our findings reveal significant differences across bias victim groups, specifically regarding weapon use, location of incidents, victim–offender relationships, and victim and offender demographics. The results of this study have important implications for the theoretical and methodological advancement of empirical research on bias crime and for law enforcement responsible for identifying and investigating bias crimes.
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The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Kaspar D. Naegele, Erving Goffman · American Sociological Review · 1956 · 26.2K citations
Candace West, Don H. Zimmerman · Gender & Society · 1987 · 8.6K citations