CD55 regulates self-renewal and cisplatin resistance in endometrioid tumors

Abstract

ABSTRACT Effective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) requires neutralization of self-renewal and chemoresistance, however these phenotypes are often regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Here we report the ability to target both of these phenotypes via CD55, an intrinsic cell surface complement inhibitor, which was identified in a comparative analysis between CSCs and non-CSCs in endometrioid cancer models. In this context, CD55 functions in a complement-independent manner and required lipid raft localization for CSC maintenance and cisplatin resistance. CD55 regulated self-renewal and core pluripotency genes via ROR2/JNK signaling and in parallel cisplatin resistance via LCK signaling, which induced DNA repair genes. Targeting LCK signaling via saracatinib, an inhibitor currently undergoing clinical evaluation, sensitized chemoresistant cells to cisplatin. Collectively, our findings identify CD55 as a unique signaling node that drives self-renewal and therapeutic resistance via a bifurcating signaling axis and provide an opportunity to target both signaling pathways in endometrioid tumors. SUMMARY CD55 is a membrane complement regulatory protein that attenuates complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Saygin et al. elucidate a new role for CD55 as a signaling hub for cancer stem cell self-renewal and cisplatin resistance pathways in endometrioid tumors and open a new line of research into chemotherapeutic-refractory cancers. Abbreviations GPI glycophosphatidylinositol LIME LCK interacting transmembrane adaptor PAG protein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains CSC cancer stem cell DAF decay accelerating protein LCK Endometrioid Tumor, ET CSC cancer stem cell mCRP membrane-bound complement regulatory protein ROR2 receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2 LCK lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase