Highly efficient halogen-free solvent processed small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by material design and device engineering

Abstract

Naphtho[1,2-<italic>c</italic>:5,6-<italic>c</italic>']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole-based small molecules have been synthesized for organic solar cells. The optimized devices processed by a halogen-free solvent of CS₂ exhibited a PCE of 11.53% with a small energy loss of 0.57 eV.