One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering

TLDR

Perovskite solar cells achieve over 22 % efficiency yet suffer from poor operational stability, and existing approaches only provide incremental improvements while scaling up remains a major challenge. The study demonstrates one‑year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra‑stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH₂)₄NH₃)₂PbI₄/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ junction. An engineered 2D/3D perovskite junction creates a gradually organized multi‑dimensional interface that yields 12.9 % efficiency in carbon‑based cells and 14.6.

Abstract

Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH2)4NH3)2PbI4/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Up-scaling represents a key challenge for photovoltaics based on metal halide perovskites. Using a composite of 2D and 3D perovskites in combination with a printable carbon black/graphite counter electrode; Granciniet al., report 11.2% efficient modules stable over 10,000 hours.