Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Isatin-Thiazole Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Abstract

A series of novel isatin-thiazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These compounds displayed a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ ranging from 5.36 ± 0.13 to 35.76 ± 0.31 μm as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC₅₀ = 817.38 ± 6.27 μm). Among the series, compound <b>6p</b> bearing a hydroxyl group at the 4-position of the right phenyl and 2-fluorobenzyl substituent at the <i>N</i>1-positions of the 5-methylisatin displayed the highest inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 5.36 ± 0.13 μm. Molecular docking studies revealed the existence of hydrophobic interaction, CH-π interaction, arene-anion interaction, arene-cation interaction, and hydrogen bond between these compounds and α-glucosidase enzyme.