Intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite

Abstract

The reversible intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite and the concomitant formation of ternary Na–graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are studied using several<italic>in operando</italic>techniques, such as X-ray-diffraction (XRD), electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique (EQCM).