Inflammatory Markers and Onset of Cardiovascular Events

TLDR

Inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. The study investigated whether inflammatory markers predict cardiovascular events in well‑functioning older adults, enrolling 2,225 participants aged 70‑79 without baseline cardiovascular disease. Participants were followed for an average of 3.6 years while blood levels of interleukin‑6, C‑reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor‑α were measured and incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure were recorded. IL‑6 was independently associated with increased risk of CHD, stroke, and CHF (RRs 1.27, 1.45, 1.72 per SD), TNF‑α with CHD and CHF (RRs 1.22, 1.59), CRP with CHF (RR 1.48), and a composite inflammation score showed a strong association with incident cardiovascular events, indicating that inflammatory markers independently predict cardiovascular events in older adults.

Abstract

Inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value of several inflammatory markers on the incidence of cardiovascular events in well-functioning older persons.The subjects were 2225 participants 70 to 79 years old, without baseline cardiovascular disease, who were enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Incident coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF) events were detected during an average follow-up of 3.6 years. Blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assessed. After adjustment for potential confounders, IL-6 was significantly associated with all outcomes (CHD events, per IL-6 SD increase: RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.48; stroke events, per IL-6 SD increase: RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.86; CHF events, per IL-6 SD increase: RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.12). TNF-alpha showed significant associations with CHD (per TNF-alpha SD increase: RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.43) and CHF (per TNF-alpha SD increase: RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.95) events. CRP was significantly associated with CHF events (per CRP SD increase: RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.78). A composite summary indicator of inflammation showed a strong association with incident cardiovascular events, with an especially high risk if all 3 inflammatory markers were in the highest tertile.Findings suggest that inflammatory markers are independent predictors of cardiovascular events in older persons.