Novel Hydrogen-Bonding Cross-Linking Aggregation-Induced Emission: Water as a Fluorescent “Ribbon” Detected in a Wide Range

Abstract

The development of efficient sensors for detection of the water content in a wide detection range is highly desirable for balance in many industrial processes and products. Presented herein are six novel different substituted Schiff base Zn(II) complexes, which exhibit the remarkable capability to detect traces of water in a wide linear range (most can reach 0-94%, v/v), low detection limit of 0.2% (v/v), and rapid response time of 8 s in various organic solvents by virtue of an unusual water-activated hydrogen-bonding cross-linking AIE (WHCAIE) mechanism. As a proof-of-concept, the WHCAIE mechanism is explained well by single X-ray diffraction, absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, dynamic light scattering, ¹H NMR spectra, and theoretical calculations. In addition, the molecules demonstrated their application for the detection of humidity (42-80%). These Schiff base Zn(II) complexes become one of the most powerful water sensors known due to their extraordinary sensitivity, fast response, and wide detection range for water.