Generation of Triplet Excited States via Photoinduced Electron Transfer in <i>meso</i>-anthra-BODIPY: Fluorogenic Response toward Singlet Oxygen in Solution and in Vitro

Abstract

Heavy atom-free BODIPY-anthracene dyads (BADs) generate locally excited triplet states by way of photoinduced electron transfer (PeT), followed by recombination of the resulting charge-separated states (CSS). Subsequent quenching of the triplet states by molecular oxygen produces singlet oxygen (¹O2), which reacts with the anthracene moiety yielding highly fluorescent species. The steric demand of the alkyl substituents in the BODIPY subunit defines the site of ¹O₂ addition. Novel bis- and tetraepoxides and bicyclic acetal products, arising from rearrangements of anthracene endoperoxides were isolated and characterized. ¹O₂ generation by BADs in living cells enables visualization of the dyads distribution, promising new imaging applications.