1e:T539,A comprehensive performance analysis of the energy detector over fading channels with single antenna reception or with antenna diversity reception is developed. For the no-diversity case and for the maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity case, with either Nakagami-m or Rician fading, expressions for the probability of detection are derived by using the moment generating function (MGF) method and probability density function (PDF) method. The former, which avoids some difficulties of the latter, uses a contour integral representation of the Marcum-Q function. For the equal gain combining (EGC) diversity case, with Nakagami-m fading, expressions for the probability of detection are derived for the cases L =2,3,4 and L >; 4, where L is the number of diversity branches. For the selection combining (SC) diversity, with Nakagami-m fading, expressions for the probability of detection are derived for the cases L =2 and L >; 2. A discussion on the comparison between MGF and PDF methods is presented. We also derive several series truncation error bounds that allow series termination with a finite number of terms for a given figure of accuracy. These results help quantify and understand the achievable improvement in the energy detector's performance with diversity reception. Numerical and simulation results are also provided.1f:T51f, A new kind of double- and single-arm cantilever type DC-contact RF MEMS actuators has been monolithically integrated with an antenna architecture to develop a frequency reconfigurable antenna. The design, microfabrication, and characterization of this “reconfigurable antenna (RA) annular slot” which was built on a microwave laminate TMM10i ( $\varepsilon _{r} $ = 9.8, $\tan \delta $ = 0.002), are presented in this paper. By activating/deactivating the RF MEMS actuators, which are strategically located within the antenna geometry and microstrip feed line, the operating frequency band is changed. The RA annular slot has two reconfigurable frequencies of operation with center frequencies $f _{\rm low} $ =2.4 GHz and $f _{\rm high} $ = 5.2 GHz, compatible with IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards. The radiation and impedance characteristics of the antenna along with the RF performance of individual actuators are presented and discussed. 20:T477,This letter presents a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna design using photoconductive silicon elements as optical switches. By illuminating these silicon elements with light of suitable wavelength, their physical properties can be altered from that of a semiconductor to almost metal-like, which in turn alters the radiation properties of the antenna structure. Our work builds on similar work conducted in the past, but goes further by demonstrating a new geometry for coupling the light energy onto the silicon switches, thereby facilitating conformal integration of such reconfigurable antennas into next-generation wireless devices. In this letter, we first present a theoretical model characterizing the behavior of silicon substrate under light illumination. We then present experimental results on a stripline circuit employing a single silicon switch under light illumination and compare the theoretical model to experimental measurements. Finally, a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna design utilizing our new coupling geometry is designed, and its experimentally measured RF performance is compared to numerical simulations.21:T50b,A broadband CMOS direct-conversion receiver with on-chip frequency divider has been integrated in a 0.13- μm CMOS process. The key feature of the proposed receiver front-end is a single low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) driving a current-mode passive mixer termi

	Year	Citations

References