Psychosocial Well-Being Associated With Activity of Daily Living Stages Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract

<b>Objectives:</b> Activity of daily living (ADL) stages demonstrated ordered associations with risk of chronic conditions, hospitalization, nursing home use, and mortality among community-living elderly. This article explores the association of stages with psychosocial well-being. We hypothesized that higher ADL stages (greater ADL limitation) are associated with more restricted social networks, less perceived social support, greater social isolation, and poorer mental health. <b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (<i>N</i> = 3,002) were analyzed in regression models and latent factor models. <b>Results:</b> Although ADL stages had a nearly monotonic relationship with most mental health measures (e.g., Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), only the complete limitation stage (Stage IV) showed significant disadvantage in the majority of social network measures. <b>Discussion:</b> The study may aid clinicians and policy makers to better understand the social and mental health needs of older adults at different ADL stages and provide well-planned social and mental health care.